The effects of mutation are as follows:
1. Lethal: A good number of mutations can be lethal.
2. Sub-vital: Some may reduce the chance of survival of the incumbent.
3. Super-vital: Increase the biological fitness under a given set of environmental conditions.
4. Unchangeable: State of the organism remains unchanged.
Mutation is a change in the nucleotide sequence of genetic materials whether by substitution, duplication, insertion, deletion, or inversion. Mutations provide genetic variations which are the raw materials of evolution. Mutations are of two type:
1. Spontaneous mutation: Usual mutation under natural conditions.
2. Induced mutation: Artificially induced mutation by mutagens.
