The hereditary colorectal cancer syndrome is commonly known as familial adenomatous polyposis coli (FAP), where hundreds of polyps are found. This is associated with APC mutation. There is another kind of hereditary predisposition of colon cancer where there is any increase in the number of polyps. The patient with this condition is called hereditary nonplyposis [...]
The genes whose mutation contribute to the causation of cancer are known as cancer critical genes. These genes are grouped into two broad classes according to their mode of activity. For example, the genes that, after their mutation, gain hyperactivity of the gene product to cause cancer is protooncogene; their mutant, overactive form is called [...]
When the most types of mammalian cells are cultured in a dish in presence of serum, they adhere to the bottom on the dish and spread out until a confluent monolayer is formed. Each cell is attached to the dish and contacts its neighbours on all sides. At this point normal cells stop proliferation- this [...]
Both primary tumors and metastases, for their growth, formation of new blood vessels i.e., angiogenesis is necessary. The new blood vessels supply the tumor with nutrients and oxygen. In absence of new blood vessels the tumor would roughly become a sphere of 2 mm diameter and a death in its center. The mechanism of angiogenesis [...]
The cells are separated by a physical barrier, called basal lamina, which underlies layers of epithelial cells as well as surrounds endothelial cells. The cancer cells become matastatic and their basement membrane is being distorted and they escape from the original tissue, invade adjoining tissues and finally through circulation spreads throughout the body. Again they [...]
Carcinogenesis appears to be linked with autogenesis, because, the aberrations in the cancer cell is heritable and have shown to share abnormality in their DNA sequences. The chemical mutagen and X-ray induce aberrations and local changes in DNA that led into cancer. In normal human beings, in their lifetime, an estimated 1016 cell divisions take [...]
It is fact that one transformed cell is enough to produce a cancer, i.e., the cancerous cells are indeed a clone discended from a single abnormal cell. It can be easily proved when the leukemic white blood cells of chronic myeloid leukemia are observed that all have a specific chromosomal abnormality where translocation between chromosome [...]
The older animals and humans have some localized growth of tissue, having cells that are closely resembled and function like normal cells. The cell adhesion and interaction molecules hold together is called the tumor of benign type. As they are surrounded by the fibrous tissues and remain stay in their original place they can be [...]
1. Changes in glycosidation of lipids and proteins: The Golgi complex plays a central role in the biosynthesis of gangliosides and other glycosphingo lipids. There is evidence that in cancer cells, there are surface membrane changes that involve a loss of glycosphingo lipids and these alterations are due to the reduction of one or more [...]
1. Immortalization of cancer cell: Cancer cells are characterized by immortalization; they overcome apoptosis by altering the genes that control such death of the cell. Genetic expressions of certain genes make the malignant cells immortal. These two genes are oncogenes and tumor suppressor gene. Actually activation of protooncogene and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes both [...]
Dr. Amlan Kumar Mitra, Biology Guide Since 2009
