Ecosystem

An ecosystem focuses is any spatial or organisational unit which includes a community of living organisms and non-living substances of environment interacting to produce and exchange of materials between the living and non-living parts. It may be as small as a puddle or as large as the entire earth (biosphere or ecosphere). Further, an ecosystem may be natural as a pond, a lake, a river, an estuary, on ocean, a forest, etc., or it may be man-made or artificial like an aquarium, a dam, a cropland, a garden, an orchard, a city and so on. The term ‘ecosystem’ was coined by A. G. Tansley (1935)- its ‘eco’ part means environment and the ‘system’ part implies, a complex, of coordinated units.

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