Gene products The differences between proteins can be revealed and estimated using gel electrophoresis, a technique invented before the genetic material itself became accessible for direct study. Techniques applied to DNA directly are now more commonly used. DNA hybridisation The paired strands of DNA dissociate when heated because the bonds between corresponding nucleotides are broken. [...]
Early work used the proteins which are produced by gene action, but recent work has concentrated on DNA, the genes themselves. Ribosomal DNA (rDNA) The genes coding for the RNA of ribosomes (rRNA), most often the small subunit 18SrRNA, are used (the gene is called 18SrDNA). This gene is very highly conserved, i.e. has changed [...]
Recently, interest in phylogeny has received a new impetus, as our rapidly growing knowledge of genetics and molecular evolution is providing a new approach, a new source of evidence about the course of evolution. Molecules can be used in different ways. For example, theoretically, the total genes of two different species can be compared. The [...]
International code of Zoological Nomenclature is huge documents of great importance to preserve the given names of different animals and to increase their universality and uniqueness. It includes several clauses and their sub-divisions. It was internationally accepted at the 5th Conference of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, held in Berlin in 1910. The modern [...]
The primary aim of a taxonomist must be the construction of classes of living things about which scientifically useful inductive generalisations can be made. Many workers have enumerated various aims and tasks of a taxonomists. For the sake of convenience to readers, there are summarised below. 1. To catalogue the diversity of life on earth [...]
