Gene is a unit of genetic material composed of a sequence of nucleotides that provides a specific function to an organism. It regulates all the activities and attributes of an organism. They are found in the chromosomes in their specific loci and their main component is DNA.
The modern names of gene are:
1. Recon: The smallest [...]
The effects of mutation are as follows:
1. Lethal: A good number of mutations can be lethal.
2. Sub-vital: Some may reduce the chance of survival of the incumbent.
3. Super-vital: Increase the biological fitness under a given set of environmental conditions.
4. Unchangeable: State of the organism remains unchanged.
The principal characteristics are:
1. Reservoir of Genetic Information.
2. Inherited along with coded information through generations.
3. Metabolic activities of the organisms are performed by translating its code.
4. Highly stable.
Mutation is a change in the nucleotide sequence of genetic materials whether by substitution, duplication, insertion, deletion, or inversion. Mutations provide genetic variations which are the raw materials of evolution. Mutations are of two type:
1. Spontaneous mutation: Usual mutation under natural conditions.
2. Induced mutation: Artificially induced mutation by mutagens.
Chemical oxygen demand (COD) is a measure of the ability of chemical reactions to oxidise matter in aqueous system. The results are expressed in terms of oxygen so that they can be compared directly to the results of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) testing. The test is performed by adding the oxidising solution to a sample, [...]
The techniques of DNA diagnosis have found application in a quite different areas. This is important in areas as diverse as identifying cell culture, determining family relationships, in studies of animal behaviour, immigration problem, to identify criminals or murderer, disputed paternity and in forensic medicine.
The most accurate method of identification technique based on recombinant technology [...]
1. What is Watson and Crick’s Double Helix DNA Model?
Ans. According to Watson and Crick’s (1953) Model:
i) DNA is a double helical structure. Each helix is made of several nucleotides connected with eath other by phospodiester bonds linking the 3?-OH of one nucleotide with the 5?-OH of the other.
ii) Two strands get twisted in opposite [...]
