Kirchhoff (1815)-First indicated the occurrence of enzymes in living systems. Louis Pasteur (1860)-Discovered that the fermentation of food stuffs can be brought about by yeast cells. Kuhne (1878)-First gave the term ‘enzyme’. Buchner (1897)-First prepared a pure extract of “Zymase’ enzyme from yeast. Nobel Laureate Sumner (1926)-First prepared pure crystals of ‘urease’ enzymes from jack [...]
Enzymes are proteins having enormous catalytic power, they greatly enhance the rate at which specific chemical reactions take place. Enzymatic reactions are always reversible. Almost all enzymes are globular proteins consisting either of a single polypeptide or two or more polypeptides held together by non-covalent bonds. Enzymes act upon other molecules (substrate) and thus catalyze [...]
The free-swimming life of the larva is very short as it is without any arrangement for feeding. It swims for a few hours or so or even almost for a day, then becomes sluggish, sinks to the bottom and attaches itself by the anterior adhesive papillae or “chin warts” as they have been called by [...]
Many types of fish migrate on a regular basis, on time scales ranging from daily to annual, and over distances ranging from a few meters to thousands of kilometers. Fish usually migrate because of diet or reproductive needs; although in some cases reason for migration remains unknown. Types of Migration Potamodromous (Greek: Potatoes, river, and [...]
The segments of the anterior end of the body tend to become more and more distinctly separated from the rest of the body forming what is termed head. This differentiation of the head consists chiefly of the localization within the head of the main parts of the nervous system, the brain and organs of special [...]
