1. Complex esters of monovalent alcohol and Fatty acids- 70.4 %-74.7% 2. Free acids- 13.5%-15.0% 3. Saturated Hydrocarbons 12.5%-15.5% 4. Some pigments and scented materials. Propolish is the Resin produced by the honey bees from pollen grains of flowers.
Royal Jelly: The acidic nitrogenous secretion of the Hypopharyngeal glands of worker-bees, which is fed exclusively to the queen. Bee-Bread: The soft gelatinous food of the workers produced by the workers from Necter, honey and the secretion of the “brood food” gland. Pollen basket: The collected pollen is stored in spacious area present at the [...]
Bee-Wax: Bee-wax is, in fact, the secretory product of the abdominal gland of honey bee. After secretion , the product is brought to mandibles by the legs, which after proper grinding gives rise to Bee-wax.
What is Honey? Honey is sweet, sticky, faint yellow colored liquid found inside the honey chambers of beehives, made of 78% carbohydrates, 17% water and some enzymes. How is it formed? Worker bees collect necters from the flowers and store temporarily inside their crop. The necter becomes modified there with the action of enzymes into [...]
Repeated cultivation of the same crop like paddy results in a huge food reserve to a given pest, which encourages a rapid growth of the pest population. Any change in the crop would create a deficit in its food supply which results in a considerable mortality. Sometime a given pest population may be wiped out [...]
Systemic Insecticide: Insecticides that get into the body with food and affect different systems. e.g., Lead Arsenate, NaF. Contact Insecticide: Insecticides that kill the insect on contact through toxic effects. e.g., BHC, DDT, Aldrin.
Insecticide: Chemical agents used for destroying insects. eg. DDT. Pesticide: Chemicals meant for destruction of pests of any kind. e.g., Endrine, Drimecron etc. Fumigation: The method of pests control through fume of some specific pesticides. Fumigants. e.g., Methyl Bromide.
Integrated Pest Management is a system which utilizes all suitable techniques and methods used as compatible a manner as possibly to maintain pest population at levels those causing economic injury. Basic features of IPM are- 1. utilizes two or more control techniques together in an integrated fashion. 2. to make maximum use of natural mortality [...]
Effective pest control may be envisaged as reduction or maintenance of a pest population belong the damage threshold. The concept of some lower level of population below the damage threshold is referred to as the “Economic Threshold”.
Monophagous Pests- are those insects which are known to feed on only a single species of plants. Tryporyza incertulus is a monophagous pest and attacks only on paddy plants. Oligophagous Pests- are insects confine their feeding activity to plants belonging to one taxonomic group i.e., one family. A well known example is the cabbage butterfly. [...]
Dr. Amlan Kumar Mitra, Biology Guide Since 2009
