The hereditary colorectal cancer syndrome is commonly known as familial adenomatous polyposis coli (FAP), where hundreds of polyps are found. This is associated with APC mutation.
There is another kind of hereditary predisposition of colon cancer where there is any increase in the number of polyps. The patient with this condition is called hereditary nonplyposis colorectal [...]
In only the autotrophs can produce their own food and the others are dependent on this production. All the living organisms in an ecosystem are interrelated in terms of feeding and being fed thus forming a definite chain known as food-chain. Food chains are of two main types:
1. Grazing food-chain: Starting with autotrophic plants and [...]
The genes whose mutation contribute to the causation of cancer are known as cancer critical genes. These genes are grouped into two broad classes according to their mode of activity. For example, the genes that, after their mutation, gain hyperactivity of the gene product to cause cancer is protooncogene; their mutant, overactive form is called [...]
Gene is a unit of genetic material composed of a sequence of nucleotides that provides a specific function to an organism. It regulates all the activities and attributes of an organism. They are found in the chromosomes in their specific loci and their main component is DNA.
The modern names of gene are:
1. Recon: The smallest [...]
The effects of mutation are as follows:
1. Lethal: A good number of mutations can be lethal.
2. Sub-vital: Some may reduce the chance of survival of the incumbent.
3. Super-vital: Increase the biological fitness under a given set of environmental conditions.
4. Unchangeable: State of the organism remains unchanged.
The principal characteristics are:
1. Reservoir of Genetic Information.
2. Inherited along with coded information through generations.
3. Metabolic activities of the organisms are performed by translating its code.
4. Highly stable.
Mutation is a change in the nucleotide sequence of genetic materials whether by substitution, duplication, insertion, deletion, or inversion. Mutations provide genetic variations which are the raw materials of evolution. Mutations are of two type:
1. Spontaneous mutation: Usual mutation under natural conditions.
2. Induced mutation: Artificially induced mutation by mutagens.
